| Rune | UCS | Alpha Equiv |
IPA | Proto-Germanic Name |
Meaning |
 |
ᚠ | f | /f/ | *fehu | "cattle; wealth" |
 |
ᚢ | u | /u(ː)/ | ?*ūruz | "aurochs" (or *ûram "water/slag"?) |
 |
ᚦ | þ (Th) | /θ/, /ð/ | ?*þurisaz | "Thurs" (see Jötunn) or *þunraz ("the god Thunraz") |
 |
ᚨ | a | /a(ː)/ | *ansuz | "god" |
 |
ᚱ | r | /r/ | *raidō | "ride, journey" |
 |
ᚲ | k (c) | /k/ | ?*kaunan | "ulcer"? (or *kenaz "torch"?) |
 |
ᚷ | g | /ɡ/ | *gebō | "gift" |
 |
ᚹ | w | /w/ | *wunjō | "joy" |
  |
ᚺ ᚻ | h | /h/ | *hagalaz | "hail" (the precipitation) |
 |
ᚾ | n | /n/ | *naudiz | "need" |
 |
ᛁ | i | /i(ː)/ | *īsaz | "ice" |
 |
ᛃ | j | /j/ | *jēra- | "year, good year, harvest" |
 |
ᛇ | ï (æ) ("eye") | /æː/[45] | *ī(h)waz | "yew-tree" |
 |
ᛈ | p | /p/ | ?*perþ- | meaning unknown; possibly "pear-tree". |
 |
ᛉ | z | /z/ | ?*algiz | "elk"? (uncertain) (or "protection, defence"[46]) |
  |
ᛊ ᛋ | s | /s/ | *sōwilō | "Sun" |
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ᛏ | t | /t/ | *tīwaz | "the god Tiwaz" |
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ᛒ | b | /b/ | *berkanan | "birch" fertility, growth, sustenance |
 |
ᛖ | e | /e(ː)/ | *ehwaz | "horse" |
 |
ᛗ | m | /m/ | *mannaz | "man" |
 |
ᛚ | l | /l/ | *laguz | "water, lake" (or possibly *laukaz "leek") |
  |
ᛜ | ŋ | /ŋ/ | *ingwaz | "the god Ingwaz" |
 |
ᛟ | o | /o(ː)/ | *ōþila-/*ōþala- | "heritage, estate, possession" |
 |
ᛞ | d | /d/ | *dagaz | "day" |
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